Clinical Features of Relapsing Polychondritis Patients Presented with Arthropathy / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of relapsing polychondritis(RP)patients presented with arthropathy. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 201 RP patients who were hospitalized in our center between December 2005 and February 2019.After 16 patients with co-existing other autoimmune diseases and malignancies were ruled out,185 RP patients entered the final analysis,among whom 16 RP patients were presented with arthropathy and 169 without arthropathy.The demographic data,clinical manifestations,laboratory findings,and prognosis were compared between these two groups. Results Five of the 16 RP patients with arthropathy at presentation were misdiagnosed as rheumatoid arthritis.Compared with RP patients without arthropathy at presentation,RP patients with arthropathy at presentation had a longer disease course[(37.50±66.50)months

Alcaptonúria (ocronose): relato de caso de irmãos / Alkaptonuria (ochronosis): a case report of siblings

A Alcaptonúria é uma doença autossômica recessiva rara caracterizada pelo acúmulo de ácido homogentísico. Denomina-se também ocronose e manifesta-se por pigmentação azulada de tecidos orgânicos e urina enegrecida, além de artropatia. A seguir, será relatado o caso de irmãos portadores de artropatia ocronótica e a conduta ortopédica (AU)

Alkaptonuria is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by the accumulation of homogentisic acid. It is also called ochronosis and is manifested by bluish pigmentation of organic tissues and blackened urine, besides arthropathy. Here the authors report the case of siblings with ochronotic arthropathy and the orthopedic management (AU)

Appropriate oral antibiotics for bone and joint infections based on the susceptibility of clinical Staphylococcus aureus isolates

No abstract available.

Ligamento cruzado anterior mucoide: serie de casos y revisión bibliográfica / Mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament. Case series and literature review

Introducción: Actualizar el cuadro de ligamento cruzado anterior mucoide y describir nuestra experiencia en el diagnóstico y el tratamiento quirúrgico. Materiales y métodos: Se analizan los aspectos clínicos y fisiopatológicos, los hallazgos por imágenes y el tratamiento quirúrgico, según las series publicadas. Además, se presenta un estudio retrospectivo con 27 pacientes (promedio de edad, 55 años ; rango 34-68 años), llevado a cabo entre 2004 y 2011. Para la evaluación de los pacientesse consideró el dolor, el rango de movilidad y la estabilidad. Se emplearon maniobras clínicas y el artrómetro KT-1000 para evaluar la estabilidad posoperatoria. Se realizaron radiografías y resonancia magnética preoperatorias y posoperatorias. Los resultados funcionales posoperatorios fueron evaluados con las escalas de Lysholm, IKDC, y la evaluación subjetiva del dolor. Se tomaron muestras para biopsia. Resultados: La escala de evaluación analógica del dolor mejoró un promedio de 6 puntos y el rango de movilidad, un promedio de 26°. La estabilidad de la rodilla no estaba comprometida. Las escalas de evaluación funcional arrojaron un IKDC de A en el 50 por ciento de los pacientes, de B en el 33 por ciento y de C en el 17 por ciento. El puntaje de Lysholm fue de 95. El resultado en la escala de evaluación subjetiva osciló entre muy bueno y excelente en la mayoría de los casos. No hubo complicaciones posoperatorias. Conclusiones: La resonancia magnética es el estudio por imágenes para el diagnóstico preoperatorio; los hallazgos son característicos y no deben confundirse con desgarros del ligamento cruzado anterior. El diagnóstico definitivo es histológico. Creemos que el tratamiento artroscópico es eficaz, reproducible y tiene una baja tasa de complicaciones.

Intra-articular Lesions in Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability: Comparison of Arthroscopy with Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings

BACKGROUND: Chronic lateral ankle instability often accompanies intra-articular lesions, and arthroscopy is often useful in diagnosis and treatment of intra-articular lesions. METHODS: Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations and arthroscopic findings were reviewed retrospectively and compared in 65 patients who underwent surgery for chronic lateral ankle instability from January 2006 to January 2010. MR images obtained were assessed by two radiologists, and the inter- and intra-observer reliability was calculated. American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were evaluated. RESULTS: Abnormalities of the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) were found in all 65 (100%) cases. In arthroscopy examinations, 33 (51%) cases had talar cartilage lesions, and 3 (5%) cases had 'tram-track' cartilage lesion. Additionally, 39 (60%) cases of synovitis, 9 (14%) cases of anterior impingement syndrome caused by osteophyte, 14 (22%) cases of impingement syndrome caused by fibrotic band and tissue were found. Sensitivity of MRI examination for each abnormality was: ATFL, 60%; osteochondral lesion of talus (OLT), 46%; syndesmosis injury, 21%; synovitis, 21%; anterior impingement syndrome caused by osteophyte, 22%. Paired intra-observer reliability was measured by a kappa statistic of 0.787 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.641 to 0.864) for ATFL injury, 0.818 (95% CI, 0.743 to 0.908) for OLT, 0.713 (95% CI, 0.605 to 0.821) for synovitis, and 0.739 (95% CI, 0.642 to 0.817) for impingement. Paired inter-observer reliability was measured by a kappa statistic of 0.381 (95% CI, 0.241 to 0.463) for ATFL injury, 0.613 (95% CI, 0.541 to 0.721) for OLT, 0.324 (95% CI, 0.217 to 0.441) for synovitis, and 0.394 (95% CI, 0.249 to 0.471) for impingement. Mean AOFAS score increased from 64.5 to 87.92 (p < 0.001) when there was no intra-articular lesion, from 61.07 to 89.04 (p < 0.001) in patients who had one intra-articular lesion, and from 61.12 to 87.6 (p < 0.001) in patients who had more than two intra-articular lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Although intra-articular lesion in patients with chronic lateral ankle instability is usually diagnosed with MRI, its sensitivity and inter-observer reliability are low. Therefore, arthroscopic examination is strongly recommended because it improved patients' residual symptoms and significantly increased patient satisfaction.

Mucoid Degeneration of Both ACL and PCL

Unlike meniscal tears and chondral defects, the mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a rare cause of knee pain and there have been no case reports of mucoid degeneration of both the ACL and the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). A 48-year-old-male patient presented with knee pain and limitation of motion. The patient's magnetic resonance imaging, arthroscopic findings, and pathologic diagnosis confirmed a clinical diagnosis of mucoid degeneration of both the ACL and the PCL. The symptoms disappeared after arthroscopic partial excision of the ACL and PCL.

Síndrome do impacto posterior do tornozelo: um diagnóstico que deve ser lembrado pelo reumatologista. Relato de dois casos / Posterior ankle impingement syndrome: a diagnosis rheumatologists should not forget. Two case reports

O tornozelo é sítio frequente de sintomas dolorosos em atletas e não atletas. A dor localizada na região posterior pode ser o resultado final de diversas patologias, sendo um desafio diagnóstico para o reumatologista. A síndrome do impacto (pinçamento) posterior do tornozelo, também denominada síndrome os trigonum e síndrome compressiva tibiotalar posterior, é um distúrbio clínico caracterizado por dor aguda ou crônica na região posterior do tornozelo, desencadeada pela flexão plantar forçada, que promove microtrauma crônico repetitivo. A patologia do processo os trigonum-talar é a causa mais comum dessa síndrome, mas existem outras causas, como tenossinovite do flexor longo do hálux, osteocondrite de tornozelo, doença da articulação subtalar e fratura. O diagnóstico baseia-se na história clínica e exame físico, e complementado por achados na radiografia simples (RX), ultrassom (US), cintilografia, tomografia computadorizada (TC) e ressonância magnética (RM). Destacamos o RX por seu baixo custo e boa sensibilidade, o US pela possibilidade de guiar infiltrações terapêuticas e a RM pela possibilidade de avaliar partes moles adjacentes.

The ankle is a common site of painful symptoms in athletes and nonathletes. Posterior ankle pain can be the end result of several pathologies, and a diagnostic challenge for rheumatologists. The posterior ankle impingement syndrome, also known as os trigonum syndrome and posterior tibiotalar compression syndrome, is a clinical disorder characterized by acute or chronic posterior ankle pain triggered by forced plantar flexion, which causes chronic repetitive microtrauma. Pathology of the os trigonum-talar process is the most common cause of this syndrome, but there are other causes, such as tenosynovitis of the flexor hallucis longus, ankle osteochondritis, subtalar joint disease, and fracture. Diagnosis is based on clinical history and physical examination, and complemented by findings on plain radiography (RX), ultrasound (US), scintigraphy, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). It is worth noting that RX has low cost and good sensitivity, US can provide guidance to therapeutic infiltrations, and MRI allows the assessment of surrounding soft tissues.

Pellizcamiento fémoroacetabular parte I: diagnóstico / Femoroacetabular impingement part I: diagnosis

La artrosis de cadera es una patología de múltiples etiologías. Los principios biomecánicos implicados en el desarrollo de la artrosis se basan en la transmisión de fuerzas a través de la superficie articular, iniciándose la degeneración cartilaginosa por sobrecarga. Existe un grupo de pacientes jóvenes que presentan artrosis cuya causa ha sido históricamente catalogada como idiopática o primaria. El advenimiento de nuevos conocimientos de la anatomía normal y patológica de la cadera ha permitido detectar alteraciones más sutiles. El pellizcamiento fémoroacetabular (PFA) aparece entonces como una nueva causa mecánica de dolor de cadera (1). Esto, en el tiempo llevaría a una lesión del labrum acetabular y/o el cartílago adyacente (2, 3, 22) y finalmente, a una artrosis precoz. Esta patología es de consulta frecuente en pacientes jóvenes con coxalgia no diagnosticada. Puede comprometer a diversas especialidades de la medicina durante su consulta primaria con distintas formas de presentación, hallazgos semiológicos e imaginológicos.

Hip osteoarthritis is pathology with multiple etiologies. The biomechanical principles involved in the development of hip osteoarthritis are based on force transmission through the articular surface, initiating carthilage degeneration due to overload. There is a group of young patients who present hip osteoarthritis that have been historically classified as idiopathic or primary. The progress in knowledge of normal anatomy and pathologies of the hip has made it possible to detect more subtle alterations. The femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) appears as a new mechanical cause for hip osteoarthritis (1). This, in time, would lead to acetabular labral and/or carthilage lesions (2, 3, 22) and eventually, early onset osteoarthritis. This pathology is frequent in young patients with an undiagnosed hip pain. It can involve multiple medical specialties in its initial consult due to different forms of early presentation, findings during physical exam and image studies.

Vídeo-artroscopia da articulação fêmoro-tíbio-patelar em cães após secção do ligamento cruzado cranial guiada por artroscopia / Videoarthroscopy of the stifle joint in dogs after cranial cruciate ligament rupture guided by arthroscopy

Avaliaram-se e classificaram-se por meio da vídeo-artroscopia as alterações da articulação fêmoro-tíbio-patelar (FTP), 21 dias após secção experimental do ligamento cruzado cranial (LCCr) em cães, tendo como referência os parâmetros encontrados no exame artroscópico imediatamente anterior à secção. Ao exame artroscópico, foi possível visibilizar os cotos remanescentes do LCCr e as alterações articulares, como aumento da vascularização, aumento das vilosidades na membrana sinovial, bem como fibrilação e osteófitos, principalmente nas bordas trocleares do fêmur. Os resultados sugerem que a artroscopia é um método preciso de avaliação macroscópica dos tecidos articulares moles e duros.

By the use of videoarthroscopy, the changes of the stifle joint after experimental rupture of cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) in dogs were evaluated and classified, based on the parameters found at the arthroscopic examination right before the rupture. By the arthroscopic examination, it was possible to visualize the remainings of the CCL and joint changes such as increase of the vascularity and synovial proliferation increase in the synovial membranes, as well as fibrillation and irregularities on the joint surfaces and osteophyte formation, mainly on the trochlear ridges. The results suggest that arthroscopy is a precise method for macroscopic evaluation of the smooth and bone joint tissues.

Meningococcemia crónica / Chronic menigococcemia

La meningococcemia crónica es una forma clínica infrecuente dentro del espectro de infecciones producido por Neisseria meningitidis. Clásicamente esta forma clínica se caracteriza por fiebre, lesiones cutáneas, compromiso articular, y desarrollo en hemocultivo de la bacteria responsable, habitualmente con ausencia de compromiso meníngeo. Generalmente afecta a adultos jóvenes previamente sanos. Se desconoce la razón por la cual estos pacientes, a diferencia de los que presentan meningitis aguda por Neisseria meningitidis y meningococcemia aguda, pueden sobrevivir sin complicaciones durante semanas en ausencia de tratamiento antibiótico útil. Se ha planteado que debido a la alta sensibilidad de esta bacteria a los antibióticos beta-lactámicos, muchos casos podrían ser tratados inadvertidamente. Describimos un caso de meningococcemia crónica en una mujer joven que presenta un cuadro clásico no reconocido inicialmente.

Chronic meningococcemia is an unfrequent clinical picture within the spectrum of infections produced by Neisseria meningitidis. It is classically characterized by fever, skin lesions and joint involvement, usually without meningeal involvement, and with blood culture growth of the responsible bacteria. It generally affects previously healthy young people. It is unknown why these patients, unlike patients with Neisseria meningitidis’s acute meningitis and with acute meningococcemia, can survive without complications during weeks, in abscence of an useful antibiotic treatment. It has been hypothesized that owing to high susceptibility to beta-lactam antibiotics of Neisseria meningitidis, many cases may be treated inadvertently. We describe a case of chronic meningococcemia in a young woman who presented a classical clinical picture, not recognized initially.

Coxalgia en el niño: de la clínica al diagnóstico / Hip pain in children

El dolor de la cadera en niños es un motivo de consulta de relativa frecuencia en pediatría, pudiendo ser causado por patología propia de la cadera o referida. La acuciosidad semiológica y el conocimiento de las distintas etiologías permiten un adecuado análisis, evitando secuelas derivadas de un diagnóstico y tratamiento tardío.

Synovial hemangioma: a rare benign synovial lesion.

We report an unusual case of a 10-year-old female with complaints of pain and swelling of the right knee for the last 4 years along with the limitation of movement for last 1 year. Repeated fine needle aspirations yielded blood and a provisional diagnosis of hemarthrosis was suggested. Coagulation profile subsequently carried out was found to be within normal limits. Arthroscopic biopsy was performed and tissue was sent for histopathological examination. A diagnosis of synovial hemangioma was made. Subtotal synovectomy was performed and the lesion was completely excised. The patient is completely asymptomatic and shows no signs of recurrence at 1 year.

Leukoscan [sulesomab-monoclonal antibody] scintigraphy in infectious bone and joint diseases

When clinical data are insufficient to diagnose infrction of bone or joints, nuclear scanning becomes crucial in making an accurate diagnosis. The efficiency of' technetium-99m antigranulocyte monoclonal antibody Fob fragment [leukoscan] was evaluated in 66 patients with suspected muscloskeletal infection and was compared with technetium- 99m methylene diphosphonate bone scan in 54 patients. The overall sensitivity of leukoscan and MDP bone scan was 94.4% and 86.5% respectively Specificity was 91.6% and 50% respectively, and accuracy was 94% and 85% respectively. Leukoscan is more accurate in detecting bone and joint infection with better sensitivity and specificity compared with MDP bone scan

Ankle MRI for Anterolateral Soft Tissue Impingement: Increased Accuracy with the Use of Contrast-Enhanced Fat-Suppressed 3D-FSPGR MRI

OBJECTIVE: To validate the use of contrast-enhanced (CE) fat-suppressed three-dimensional (3D) fast gradient-recalled acquisition in the steady state with radiofrequency spoiling (FSPGR) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the diagnosis of anterolateral soft tissue impingement of the ankle, as compared to the use of routine ankle MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed 3D-FSPGR MRI and routine MRI scans were retrospectively reviewed for 45 patients with arthroscopically proven anterolateral impingement. In addition, scans were reviewed in 45 control subjects with diagnoses other than impingement. Two radiologists independently reviewed the two sets of images in random order. Using areas (Az) under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), we compared the depiction of anterolateral soft tissue impingement in the two sets of images. RESULTS: The overall accuracy for lesion characterization was significantly higher (p < 0.05) using the CE fat-suppressed 3D-FSPGR MR images (Az = 0.892 and 0.881 for reader 1 and 2, respectively) than using the routine MR images (Az = 0.763 and 0.745). The use of CE fat-suppressed 3D-FSPGR MRI enhanced impingement depiction in most cases. However, in cases with a thickened non-enhancing scar or joint effusion, the routine images better depicted a soft tissue mass that intruded into anterolateral gutter than the CE images. CONCLUSION: The use of CE fat-suppressed 3D-FSPGR MRI of the ankle allows a more accurate assessment of anterolateral soft tissue impingement of the ankle, as compared to the use of routine MRI.

Osteoarticular complications related to HIV infection and highly active antiretroviral therapy

With the significant increase in life expectancy for HIV-infected patients in the era of high potency antiretroviral therapy, major metabolic changes have been observed due to the prolonged period of the viral infection and the treatment itself. Osteoarticular changes resulting from these processes are mainly reported in long term HIV-infected patients receiving high potency antiretroviral therapy and include osteopenia/osteoporosis, osteonecrosis, carpal tunnel syndrome and adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder.

Usefulness of Pain Distribution Pattern Assessment in Decision-Making for the Patients with Lumbar Zygapophyseal and Sacroiliac Joint Arthropathy

There are currently no initial guides for the diagnosis of somatic referred pain of lumbar zygapophyseal joint (LZJ) or sacroiliac joint (SIJ). We developed a classification system of LZJ and SIJ pain, the "pain distribution pattern template (PDPT)" depending on the pain distribution patterns from a pool of 200 patients whose spinal pain source was confirmed. We prospectively applied the PDPT to determine its contribution to clinical decision-making for 419 patients whose pain was presumed to arise from the LZJs (259 patients) or SIJs (160 patients). Forty-nine percent (128/259) of LZJ and 46% (74/160) of SIJ arthopathies diagnosed by PDPT were confirmed by nerve blocks. Diagnostic reliabilities were significantly higher in Type A and C patterns in LZJ and Type C in SIJ arthropathies, 64%, 80%, and 68.4%, respectively. For both LZJ and SIJ arthropathies, favorable outcome after radiofrequency (RF) neurotomies was similar to the rate of positive responses to diagnostic blocks in Type A to Type D, whereas the outcome was unpredictable in those with undetermined type (Type E). Considering the paucity of currently available diagnostic methods for LZJ and SIJ arthropathies, PDPT is useful in clinical decision- making as well as in predicting the treatment outcome.

Artroresonancia: conceptos generales, indicaciones y rendimiento / MR arthrography: general concepts, indications and perfomance

La artroresonancia es un método de diagnóstico por imagen que ha mostrado ser de utilidad en la evaluación de algunas condiciones intraarticulares, considerándose el estándar de referencia en algunas de ellas. Este artículo revisa los aspectos técnicos, en relación al procedimiento propiamente tal, así como sus principales indicaciones, haciendo referencia a su rendimiento en las diferentes patologías.